image credit: Rod Nave; image source; larger image

Atomic Spectra

This composite image shows the red emission lines from a neon spectrum on the left and a neon sign--the red tube on the right. To see the emission spectra of other elements, visit Atomic Spectra, and click in the checkboxes. To learn about the spectrum of hydrogen, the simplest atom, go to this Hyperphysics page.

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Stellar Spectra

Visit Stellar Spectra, from Annenberg/CPB, to try your hand at identifying the chemical elements in stars through their spectral "fingerprints." To see absorption lines across the whole solar spectrum, visit this Astronomy Picture of the Day.

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image credits: Lawrence S. Anderson-Huang, The University of Toledo; image source

Solar Spectrum

The continuous spectrum with dark absorption lines, which is shown twice above, is sunlight, and the emission lines, in the other spectra, are from the elements indicated--magnesium, hydrogen, and sodium.  For the difference between absorption lines and emission lines, see the diagram in Continuous, Emission and Absorption Spectra and also in Solar Spectrum.

Can you match any of these emission lines to absorption lines in the solar spectrum? For a simulation of the spectra of many common elements, see Spectra of Gas Discharges.  

(This feature was updated on July 27, 2011.)

Spectral Lines

Spectral Lines, from Physics 2000, and the pages that follow it show how observations of spectral lines led to the concept of atomic energy levels. For more on energy levels, see Ohio State's Measuring Light: Spectroscopy. To find out how stars are classified by their spectral type, visit the Sloan Digital Sky Survey's Energy Levels of Electrons.